History of the Ten Sikh Gurus
Guru Nanak (1469-1539)
Born in 1469 in present-day Pakistan. Initiated the Sikh faith with core principles of oneness with the divine, equality, and selfless service. Undertook extensive travels, spreading his teachings.
Guru Angad (1504-1552)
Implemented Gurmukhi script for writing Punjabi. Emphasized physical fitness and introduced wrestling in Sikhism. Strengthened the Sikh community organizationally.
Guru Amar Das (1479-1574)
Initiated the practice of Langar (community kitchen). Instituted a system of 22 Manjis for effective religious preaching. Expanded the Sikh community geographically.
Guru Ram Das (1534-1581)
Founded the city of Amritsar in 1577. Initiated the construction of the Harmandir Sahib, later completed by his son.
Guru Arjan (1563-1606)
Completed the construction of the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple). Compiled the Adi Granth, which later became the Guru Granth Sahib. Martyred in 1606 under the orders of Emperor Jahangir.
Guru Hargobind (1595-1644)
Instituted the concept of Miri-Piri, integrating spiritual and temporal authority. Constructed the Akal Takht (Throne of the Timeless). Faced and led in battles against oppressive forces.
Guru Har Rai (1630-1661)
Focused on promoting compassion, kindness, and non-violence. Expanded the medicinal herb garden in Kiratpur Sahib. Maintained a standing army for the defense of the Sikh community.
Guru Har Krishan (1656-1664)
Became Guru at the age of five. Emphasized spiritual knowledge and service to humanity. Passed away at a young age, leaving a profound impact on his followers.
Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621-1675)
Sacrificed his life for religious freedom and the rights of Hindus. Executed in Delhi under the orders of Aurangzeb. His martyrdom is commemorated on Shaheedi Divas.
Guru Gobind Singh (1666-1708)
Established the Khalsa in 1699, initiating the Panj Pyare (Five Beloved Ones). Declared the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru. Fought battles against tyranny and oppression.
The collective teachings of the ten Sikh Gurus form the foundation of Sikhism, emphasizing equality, justice, and devotion to the one divine. The Guru Granth Sahib, as the eternal Guru, continues to guide Sikhs on their spiritual journey.